In my last blog post, I promised to further stimulate the discussion with some suggestions on how to answer the five questions. based on my own thoughts, comments received via the blog and direct contact with companies and stakeholders colleagues. Here's the first question:
1 Have been useful original targets in the mind of the Government, companies and civil society with emphasis on the water crisis and its importance in social and economic development overall?
Let me first of all, the three objectives related to the water that it will be the list:
• C 7 a: reduce by half, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water (from the 1990 base year)
• C 7 b: reduce by half, by 2015, the proportion of the population does not have access to basic (from the 1990 base year) sanitation
• 7.5: Proportion of total water used (water resources management)
With regard to hygiene, sanitation and drinking water, the MDGs are useful in several ways.
Statistics on access to water and sanitation have been in existence for many years, but the achievement of the MDGs brought the issue of access firmly on the agenda. It is to ensure that we not just point to a situation, but are looking to undertake a targeted and comprehensive demand-oriented action on the results of the national programmes.
For example, I would like to refer to some particularly important elements, forces and achievements that must be preserved for after 2015:
One is the Toolkit on the MDG acceleration framework developed by UNDP. It provides the framework for a real global approach. In Belize, for example, the plan to improve access to drinking water based on this toolkit not only includes the expansion of water services, but also repair services (including the repair of the rudimentary water systems) and the improvement of the quality of the water. And in the case of sanitation, the plan provides for the expansion of sewage, construction of other systems of improved sanitation, education on good practices of sanitation and hygiene (including the education of children as agents of change of behavior) and strengthening regulatory capacity.
The MDGs on water also helped to align procedures for establishing national priorities against global targets on water supply and sanitation, in case the reform of policies, institutional changes and resource allocation and to link these efforts focused on countries in regional frameworks favourable existing.
It stimulates more collaborative entries, for example, the Council of African Ministers on water (AMCOW), the African Development Bank, the Water Initiative of the European Union, the Programme of the United Nations for development, water and sanitation program-Africa and the World Bank.
Last but not least, he has contributed to ensure coordination/harmonization between objectives, for example in the link of the water-power, energy and environment. Integrated management resources water (HRIM), often discussed, has been implemented. For example, the work of UNEP in the urban areas of DRC - with microfinance at one end of the spectrum prices and the usefulness of the other.
Without the achievement of the MDGs on water and sanitation access, we would certainly not there where we are today.
Comparing targets with the observed real improvements, including improvements to the pre-1990 period, however adds some nuances to this overall positive picture.
Drinking water: annual average number of people who have access to drinking water
Current 1975 - 1991 123 million per year
Objective (goal) 1990-2015 95 million per year
Current 1990-2010 105 million per year
The MDGs and the actual results between 1990 and 2010 (also from 2000 to 2010) are clearly behind conducted from 1975 to 1991 on an annual average. It is possible that the goal was not ambitious. And the light blue section of the graph below: knowledge other improved drinking water faucets from sources, including public standpipes, wells, boreholes and wells dug, is not at the desired level.
Sanitation:
1986-1991 Real 111 million/year
Objective (goal) 1990-2015 115 million per year
1990-2010 Actual 87 million per year
Targets for sanitation was consistent with what was achieved 1985-1991, i.e., in my opinion not too ambitious. but the actual results are nevertheless clearly behind these targets.
In the management of water resources, it seems to be harder to set comparable targets. And the situation has deteriorated rapidly. According to the work carried out by the water resources group 2030, analyzing the 154 major basins catchment/River of the world, we are already remove almost 10% more water for human use, which is permanently available (natural renewal less environmental flows). In 2010, about 15 to 20% of the production of cereals and tubers was a field where reliable and sustainable water supply is less than 50% of the actual withdrawals (McKinsey and 2030 water resources group; Charting the future of water. A new economic framework for decision making; Washington November 2009). Deficits in food production due to drought in 2012 are a stark reminder that natural (Lakes, aquifers) buffer zones have been systematically and more overused in recent decades.
In my opinion, this area was not sufficient attention from the achievement of the MDGs, and the objective formulated for managing water was not sufficiently operational to make an impact.
My answers to other questions about "Water in the Millennium after 2015 strategy" can also be interested:
2. What remains to be done before that date to complete the work begun in 2000?
3. On the assumption that we would like the goals after 2015 to still include a target on water, how should frame us? What would the key progress and success measures?
4. What role and responsibility of the private sector to take delivering these objectives?
5. What would you do the Governments?
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